Famous Quotes from Woodrow Wilson

Famous Quotes from Woodrow Wilson Woodrow Wilson (1856-1927), the 28th president of the United States, while not considered a terrific orator- he was more comfortable debating than orating- gave many speeches around the country and in Congress during his tenure. Many of them contained memorable quotations. Wilson's Career and Accomplishments Serving two consecutive terms as president, Wilson distinguished himself by leading the country into and out of the World War I and presiding over landmark progressive social and economic reforms, including the passage of the Federal Reserve Act and the Child Labor Reform Act. The 19th Amendment to the Constitution ensuring all women the right to vote was also passed during his administration. A Virginia-born lawyer, Wilson began his career as an academic, eventually landing at his alma mater, Princeton, where he rose to become president of the university. In 1910 Wilson ran as the Democratic Party’s candidate for New Jersey governor and won. Two years later he was elected president of the nation.   During his first term Wilson grappled with the war in Europe, insisting on U.S. neutrality, however by 1917 it was impossible to ignore German aggression, and Wilson asked Congress to declare war, asserting that â€Å"The world must be made safe for democracy. When the war ended, Wilson was a strong proponent of the League of Nations, a forerunner of the United Nations that Congress refused to join.   Notable Quotations Here are some  of Wilson’s most notable quotes:   The Constitution was not made to fit us like a straitjacket.†- A  speech about â€Å"Americanism† at the Cooper Union, in New York, NY, November 20, 1904.Life does not consist in thinking, it consists in acting.- Announcing his presidential campaign in Buffalo, NY, September 28th, 1912.I am not one of those who believes that a great standing army is the means of maintaining peace, because if you build up a great profession those who form parts of it want to exercise their profession.- from a speech in Pittsburgh, quoted in The Nation, February 3, 1916.I believe in democracy because it releases the energies of every human being.- At the Workingman’s Dinner, New York, September 4, 1912.If you think too much about being re-elected, it is very difficult to be worth reelecting.- Address at the celebration of the rededication of Congress Hall in Philadelphia, October 25, 1913.One cool judgment is worth a thousand hasty counsels. The thing to do is to supply light and not heat.- Address at Soldiers Memorial Hall, Pittsburgh, January 29, 1916. There is a price which is too great to pay for peace, and that price can be put in one word. One cannot pay the price of self-respect.- Speech at Des Moines, Iowa, February 1, 1916.The world must be made safe for democracy. Its peace must be planted upon the tested foundations of political liberty. We have no selfish ends to serve. We desire no conquest, no dominion. We seek no indemnities for ourselves, no material compensation for the sacrifices we shall freely make.- on the State of War with Germany during an Address to Congress. April 2, 1917.The Americans who went to Europe to die are a unique breed.... (They) crossed the seas to a foreign land to fight for a cause which they did not pretend was peculiarly their own, which they knew was the cause of humanity and mankind. These Americans gave the greatest of all gifts, the gift of life and the gift of spirit.- speech at the American Memorial Day while visiting American graves at Suresnes Cemetery, May 30, 1919. Sources: Craig H. 1952. Woodrow Wilson as an orator. Quarterly Journal of Speech 38(2):145-148.Wilson W, and Pestritto RJ. 2005 Woodrow Wilson: The Essential Political Writings. Lanham, Massachusetts: Rowman Littlefield.Wilson W, and Hart AB. 1918 [2002]. Selected Addresses and Public Papers of Woodrow Wilson. Honolulu, Hawaii: University Press of the Pacific.Wilson, W, and Link, AS. 1993. The Papers of Woodrow Wilson. Princeton University Press.

10 Things You Shouldn’t Do When You’re Broke

10 Things You Shouldn’t Do When You’re Broke Whether being broke is a permanent state for you, or you’re just passing through a bit of hardship, there are a few lifestyle adjustments it would be prudent for you to make in order to not end up in a mountain of debt. Being broke is also incredibly stressful- you’re constantly worried about your bank balance and how you’ll afford necessary purchases. Why add to the stress?Here is a list of good things to avoid doing if you’re having trouble making ends meet.1. SmokeSeriously. Apart from the fact that it will eventually give you cancer (aka huge medical bills), it’s incredibly expensive to keep up. You’ll live longer and find you have a lot more spending money week to week.2. DrugsDon’t smoke anything else either. People can tell and won’t hire you. You’ll have to constantly worry about passing random or job-related drug tests, and you’ll be spending a lot of money you just don’t have.3. Join a GymFitness i s a great thing, but can be achieved much more cheaply than by getting a monthly (spendy) gym membership. Go running. Do push-ups and crunches. Try the Scientific 7-Minute Workout. Find yoga videos for free on YouTube. Figure out how to exercise for free- it’s super simple these days.4. Look Down on WorkAs long as someone’s job is legal and ethical, it’s no business of yours to look down on it. Maybe you should even consider the service industry. Answer phones, wait tables, clean houses. Just get yourself back on your feet.5. Make ExcusesChances are it’s your responsibility. Unless you’re caring for a sick loved one or facing enormous medical bills yourself, you probably were just living beyond your means. Own the position you’re in and take action to dig yourself out of your financial hole.6. Take Unnecessary VacationsIf you can’t keep up with your rent or car payments, then whatever extra cash you think you have for trips or weekend s away should probably be put to more constructive use. Don’t be flagrant when you can’t afford to be.7.  Go Out to EatAvoid restaurants. You can’t afford them. Seriously. Cook for yourself and bring your lunch- leftovers are your friend. That goes for buying coffee as well; get to know your Mr. Coffee- your new regular coffee shop! If you must go to a movie, smuggle cheaper snacks in in your handbag instead of shelling out for concession prices.8. Upgrade Your StuffNow isn’t the time to get a nicer car or move to a nicer neighborhood. You can’t afford the extra cash you’d need to get this done- or the loan payments. Stick with your station for a while longer until you can afford to move up.9. Ignore the BillsYou may cringe whenever a new pile shows up in the mail, and want to hide under the covers and hope that all your bills just go away. But they won’t. Open them. Call the companies. Set up payment plans. Be proactive. It’ s much better than blissful ignorance- which can still eat you alive with stress.10. Create WasteDon’t drive anywhere further than you have to. Consolidate errands to consolidate gas. Don’t go on lavish dates- simple ones will do and are often more romantic anyway. Don’t waste water or gas or electricity in your home. Don’t pay to do anything you could do yourself (car washes, house cleanings, lawn mowing). And don’t take on any extra expenses that aren’t absolutely necessary. Actually reading that magazine? Probably not. Cancel cancel cancel.

Chamber concert Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chamber concert - Essay Example The above mentioned artists were invited by the organizers to grace the occasion due to their good record of their work in the music fraternity. Yu-Mei Huang who featured in the concert is a well known violin player who has produced numerous records of music. He has proven beyond reasonable doubt that he is an outstanding chamber musician and a soloist. Yu-Mei Huang has featured in many concerts as a pianist and a violin during his career growth in the United States of America and Asia. It is noted that Yu-Mei Huang perfected his act by undertaking a degrees in Violin Performance and Conducting at Florida International University. Yu-Mei Huang uses his talent to teach other people in the community the acts of music as a sign of thanksgiving to the community. Guangyu Xie is an artist who loved to play the cello from his childhood age till now. It is said that Guangyu Xie started playing the instrument at a tender age whereby at the age of twelve he won a prestigious award in his home country which is china. The artist has won many prestigious awards in his career life which has inspired the artist to work much harder. Music produced by Guangyu Xie has received a positive reaction from the people all over the world where they sell of the music has brought about a lot of wealth to the artist. Guangyu Xie has perfected his act by undergoing a degree course in cello performance in Russian. This move has made it possible for the artist to visit many countries to perform and to motivate young upcoming musicians. Guangyu Xie is currently working with the faculty of Shanghai Conservatory in Shanghai, China. The presence of Chih-Long Hu in the chamber concert made the show to be interesting to the audience. Chih-Long Hu is said to be one of the world renowned active pianist. He has won many prestigious awards during his career. Such awards include the Taipei National Concert Hall Arising Star and the Chi-Mei Artist Award. He has

Written Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Written Analysis - Essay Example ar was declared by Austria Hungary on Serbia and it spread rapidly to Russia, Great Britain, France and Germany because they were involved in treaties and hard to defend the nations. The war continued but there came a time when frustrations, depression, demoralization sickness and even hopelessness due to the loss of lives engulfed the troops. But finally the war came to an end in the late falls of 1918 after the involved member countries of the Central Powers signed an armistice agreement. Each of them had to sign. The ending of the war had some significance importance, for instance Germany was severely punished and this led to World War II as many historians tend to believe. There are many articles and books written containing the description of World War and the themes found. In this paper I will try explaining various themes as described by different authors in relation to the issues on gender, war and trauma. The overwhelming loss of loved ones in the First World War led people to become iconic writers like Virginia Woolf, Wilfred Owen, and Sassoon among others. Such writers embraced some form of mysticism in order to cope. They had experienced unexplainable and unimaginable losses of loved ones and trauma in their early lives which helped them is sensitive to losses friends and relatives in the war. They were fascinated with the works of a psychical researchers especially Frederic Myers that included potential extensions of personality for example clairvoyance, telepathy and automatic writing a phenomena that enhanced personality survival discouraged its death. Literature analysis of the First World War literature and psychobiography showed that engagement of the writers with mysticism and spiritualism was not misleading at all but constituted a more ethical, creative and therapeutic form of mourning. It was better than finding solace from state-sanctioned representations of mourning such as war memorials. ‘The Kind Ghosts’ is one of Owens’s most

Social Contract Theory of John Locke Essay Example for Free

Social Contract Theory of John Locke Essay Given the honored and extensive authority that the social contract theory upholds, the supposition still endures various assessments. The view that people’s ethical and political responsibilities are reliant upon a contract between them to structure a society is also precisely linked with current ethical and political theory. John Locke (b. 1632, d. 1704), a prominent truth-seeker among other professions of the 17th and early 18th centuries, is primarily recognized for the creation of his influential social contract theory. Censors dispute that most people are raised within an existing society and not presented with opportunity to opt a social contract; therefore, Locke’s social contract theory is considered invalid. Locke’s refute to the censors alleged that a keen understanding of how social contracts transpire must occur prior to the advancement of individuals in the social order. This paper will entail the social contract theory of John Locke and how the values identified are consistent with the criminal justice system (Uzgalis, 2007,  ¶11). The State of Nature. The social contract theory commences with the idea of a state of nature; the central idea that criminal justice systems are not in existence. The breakdown of effects result in the lack of protection provided; the inability to instill safety measures; and the neglect of civil rights pertaining to property and to individualized refuge. Public order is in disarray resulting in people relying on self-help methods to resolve differences of opinion. The individuality of existence within a state of nature is one of the primary areas under discussion that differences occur among social contract philosophers. Unlike Thomas Hobbes, John Locke’s colleague in philosophy, whom references a state of nature as a battle of everyone in opposition to one another, Locke references state of nature, not as a circumstance of warfare, but nevertheless a problem. Locke theorizes that a community not possessing access to a normal arbitrator would signify that each person would mediate individual cases. This style of adjudication would create recurrent heated discussions being settled by personal brutality. Despite the different thinking techniques of Locke and Hobbes, the agreement exists that the state of nature would generate a sadistic and apprehensive atmosphere (Reese, 2001,  ¶11-12). The State of Nature is a condition of ideal and inclusive autonomy to manage life in the best method one deems necessary, according to Locke. To add clarity, Locke’s proposal was not to include the freedom to do whatever one desires despite the consequences. Although the State of Nature presents a status that municipal influence and government does not discipline individuals for illegal indiscretions, doctrines remain in subsistence. Furthermore, the State of Nature assumes equivalency to others and is equally skilled to make determinations ensured by, what Locke claims, the foundation of decency; the Law of Nature. Locke’s viewpoint is that the Law of Nature was provided to mankind by God with the instructions not to cause injury to one another in regard to physical condition, independence, existence, and property. In Locke’s words, â€Å"Moral good and evil is only the conformity or disagreement of our voluntary actions to some law, whereby good or evil is drawn on us, from the will and power of the law-maker† (Laslett, 1967, p.18). Locke refutes Hobbes theory by making claim that because God owns every living creature, and every human being is considered equivalent, people are not at liberty to eradicate what belongs to God. The State of Nature works as a set of guidelines allowing people to pursue unreservedly happiness by following personal areas of interest and creating personal diplomacy (2001,  ¶3-4). In this observation the decree is established on God’s determination but strangely, the theory is not consistent with Locke’s assertion pertaining to the Law of Nature. Locke elaborates that because the State of Nature is reasonably passive; people are entitled to seek this happiness free from hindrance. Although the hypothesis is to some extent contradicting, Locke’s theory does add simplicity to the reasoning of why an unbiased criminal justice system is detrimental to society. Two Treaties on Government Locke surmised in the Two Treaties on Government, 1686, originally people agreed to a governmental social contract to ensure safeguarding of property rights and security from aggression. In lieu of defense, community members presented authorization to the government for verification that community members wished to be presided over. Locke made public the claim that any government official can justifiably be replaced if he or she neglects duties or takes advantage of the position. Locke’s view of righteousness is germane to the debate of the United States Criminal Justice System because initiators depended upon Locke’s words of wisdom to direct the assembly of an organization of self-governing supremacy. Undeniably, numerous pieces of the United States Declaration of Independence duplicate portions of Locke’s Second Treatise precisely. For example, citizens are gifted â€Å"with certain unalienable rights . . . governments come about to secure the rights and to gain just powers from the consent of the governed† (Laslett, 1967, p. 61). Locke’s statement pertaining to how disparaging the government can become and the entitlement the community members obtain is also noted in the Declaration of Independence. Locke’s dispute resulted as the starting point for structuring an admired government in addition to a validation for rebellion. Political convictions formerly sustained the proposal of community members providing government requirements. The concept of an innovative social contract in which the government subsisted to provide requirements of the administration created a novel reflection that upheld Lock’s thoughts, â€Å"a person surrendered to the authority of the state only the amount of freedom necessary to ensure protection of the rights of other citizens† (1967, p. 3-7). The fresh proposal concerning contractual association of the government to community members was a creation of an inventive, rising middleclass (1967, p. 15). Conclusion Based on the preceding theories of the highly regarded John Locke, the values identified within the State of Nature are noticeably consistent with the values of existing day criminal justice system. Although challenging, without the basis of Locke’s hypothesis on social contract, the criminal justice system would lack genuineness and compassion creating an unreceptive environment. Locke’s theory makes current the immeasurable array of associations and connections interlinking people. Social contract theory is undeniably a part of the criminal justice system at present and in the projected future. Locke’s theory, along with other reputable premises, will forever compel the reflection upon the nature of people and the connection to one another. Reference Laslett, P. (December 1967). Two treaties of government and the revolution of 1688. Locke: Two Treatises of Government. Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought. (ISBN- 13 : 9780521069038 | ISBN- 10: 0521069033). Reese, R. (September 2001). Social justice theory. Journal of Ethics and Justice. Uzgalis, W. (2007). Historical background and locke’s life. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

Goya :: Essays Papers

Goya His name, Francisco Goya, born in 1746, one of Spains most innovative painters and etchers; also one of the triumvirate—including El Greco and Diego Velà ¡zquez—of great Spanish masters. Much in the art of Goya is derived from that of Velà ¡zquez, just as much in the art of the 19th-century French master Édouard Manet and the 20th-century genius Pablo Picasso is taken from Goya. Trained in a mediocre rococo artistic milieu , Goya transformed this often frivolous style and created works, such as the famous The third of May, 1808, that have as great an impact today as when they were created. Goya was born in the small Aragonese town of Fuendetodos (near Zaragoza) on March 30, 1746. His father was a painter and a gilder of altarpieces, and his mother was descended from a family of minor Aragonese nobility. Facts of Goya's childhood are scarce. He attended school in Zaragoza at the Escuelas Pias. Goya's formal artistic education commenced when, at the age of 14, he was apprenticed to a local master, Josà © Luzan, a competent although little-known painter in whose studio Goya spent four years. In 1763 the young artist went to Madrid, where he hoped to win a prize at the Academy of San Fernando. Although he did not win the desired award, he did make the acquaintance of Francisco Bayeu, an artist also from Aragà ³n, who was working at the court in the academic manner imported to Spain by the German painter Anton Raphael Mengs. Bayeu (the brother of Goya's wife) was influential in forming Goya's early style and was responsible for his participation in an important commis sion, the fresco decoration of the Church of the Virgin in El Pilar in Zaragoza. In 1771 Goya went to Italy for approximately one year. His activity there is relatively obscure; he spent some months in Rome and also entered a composition at the Parma Academy competition, in which he was successful. Returning to Spain about 1773, Goya participated in several other fresco projects, including that for the Charterhouse of Aula Dei, near Zaragoza, in 1774, where his paintings prefigure those of his greatest fresco project, executed in the Church of San Antonio de la Florida, Madrid, in 1798. It was at this time that Goya began to do prints after paintings by Velà ¡zquez, who would remain, along with Rembrandt, his greatest source of inspiration.

American Media Studies

McDonaldization is an expression used to describe a society which resembles fast-food joint. It is the process in which a society shows characteristics of fast-food restaurant. It is concentrates on moving away from traditional thought to rational approach with the help of scientific management (Thussu, 1998). It is based on four primary components which are efficiency, calculability, predictability and control. In terms of McDonaldization, efficiency is the essential aspect of the organization which is used to manage time.Calculability focuses on the quantity of work done by the workers of the organization. Predictability is the component which focuses on standardized and uniform services to be provided to the consumer. The last component is control which focuses on standardized and uniform workers. Hence, McDonaldization is the main ideology and philosophy of fast-food restaurants which are coming to control the American and international society. 2. How does MTV confirm but also r eject the notion of McDonaldization? MTV deals with the wishes, dreams and hopes of teenagers and has become their center of discussion.It is a culture in self having its own news, fashion and music programs which is influencing the entire generation of youth(Thussu, 1998). Although MTV has no link with consumerism, it is still linked with Mcdonaldization. It concentrates mainly on the youth of the country who are brainwashed with western concept of McDonaldization. It is considered to be a soft imperialism with the ambition of homogenizing the cultures of the world as it connects them through communications, information and entertainment. For example, MTV India promotes pop stars and singing sensations of India instead of Americans yet it maintains American presence.MTV promotes local culture integrated with the concept of McDonaldization. 3. What is Hollywood hegemony? The ideology of Hollywood to produce entertainment is the underlying motive aimed to produce something which bene fits the corporate interests. Hollywood is one of the institutions which support hegemony (Thussu, 1998). Hollywood movies can attract users from all over the world to get involved in emotional narratives which leave them to feel helpless and numb. The steady hegemony of Hollywood is considered to be a term used for the expansion of American market and becoming dominant throughout the world.Hollywood is economically, institutionally and politically powerful which allows it to use its influence worldwide without any competition. Hollywood hegemony is the growth and expansion of its influence at a global level. 4. Why are there concerns about cultural diversity? Cultural diversity includes all the cultural dissimilarities and variation which exist between people based on language, dress, traditional and custom values, organization of society, their concept of ethics and religion (Thussu, 1998).Since the entire world has productively adapted to different conditions, separate societies have surfaced on the globe. There are concerns about cultural diversity because international firms and companies are promoting consumer culture, urbanity, standardized services, products and values and exploitation of material needs and necessities (Thussu, 2009). Cultural diversity is negatively impacted by Americanization because local cultures are adopting American traditional values and customs. Consequently, the growing cultural contact is decreasing the traditional practices.New global communities are emerging out. As globalization brings prosperity to human practices, homogenization has led to mono-culturalism. Americanization has negatively influenced the local cultures. 5. What is the future of `Global English`? The Mcdonaldization, Americanization and globalization of societies, the entire world is trying to adopt one language as medium of communication. Business domain, media, magazines, electronic media, etc have strong English language influence which shows that its us e and study will persist on expanding.In the coming future, it may be possible that global English will be challenged (Thussu, 1998). For instance, several multi-language communities will become more protective of their language even at the rapid spread and development of English. Topic 2 American Media and Local Cultures American media influences can be seen in various spheres of local cultures. The spread of American media includes television, movies and music which have been the basis of Americanization in local cultures after the end of world war two.American media has generated a self-governing and independent culture which has severely influenced different cultures of the world. It has made an attempt to synchronize and integrate American customs and traditional values (Thussu, 1998). It has manipulated and influenced the youth of local cultures by showing only what it is allowed to do. The social impact of Americanization has been unconstructive and harmful as empirical studi es have found out that American content of media has lead to propagation of cultural values of the American society.It has increased drug abuse, alcohol abuse and violence against women as well promotion of unhealthy lifestyle (Thussu, 1998). Adolescent prefer to eat American junk food and soft drink rather than eating their traditional food. Medical professionals from the entire world are worried that American media can contribute to health problems in children and teenagers. Television programs such as The Simpsons, Desperate Housewives, NCIS, Ugly Betty, etc are the most popular television programs all over the world.American singers such as Pink, Miley Cyrus, etc have become popular and local singers are being ignored. Simultaneously, American products are also preferred by consumers. We see local cultures preferring Starbucks coffee and eating junk food from McDonalds, KFC, Pizza Hut, etc. I had visited Sweden last year. It was very surprising to seen American culture over ther e as I saw all the American television channels. They showed Fear Factor, Deal or no Deal, Apprentice, etc which have gained popularity in Sweden.It was surprising to see that how the Swedish have been influenced by Americans in all aspects of daily life ranging from the way they talk to the way young Swedish people talked about going to McDonalds, Pizza hut, etc. Walking in a mall, I saw L’Oreal, Victoria’s Secret, Nike, Puma, McDonald’s, etc advertising their products. IN today’s time, young generation prefer living in big cities and want to live an independent life. Both husband and wife work and prefer living alone away from their in-laws.The increasing globalization has increased the presence of American multinationals world-wide. American media is the dominant medium which has influenced all the cultures of the world. It is essential for other cultures to stop the spread of American cultural products worldwide. Young generations are copying American media willingly. It is becoming a disgrace that the youth are forgetting their national identity and are being influenced by the American media. Younger generation is becoming more active and prefers working in multinationals and is slowly changing the culture around the world.Television is considered to be important tool for obtaining social values. The acquisition of American social values has increased violence and unhealthy lifestyle among teenagers. It has also increased the process of loneliness, depression and other mental problems in youth. References: Thussu, Daya Kishan,. (1998). Electronic Empires: Global Media and Local Resistance. London: Arnold. Thussu, Daya Kishan. (2009). Why Internationalize Media Studies and How? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Communication Association, TBA, San Francisco, CA

Alkylation agents as Chemotherapeutic agents

Chemotherapy simply means the use of chemicals to treat disease by destroying microorganism or cancerous or tumor cells. Generally, chemotherapy acts by destroying rapidly dividing cells although the mechanism that leads to this differs. Several divisions of chemotherapy agents exist such as the anti-metabolites, plant alkaloids the topoisomerase inhibitors, anthracyclines and alkylation agents which are discussed in this paper. Generally, alkylation agents work by addition of alkyl groups to the guanine of DNA molecule at number 7 atom of imidazole group (Siddik, 2002).Alkylation agent’s significance The name originates from their ability to alkylate several nuclophilic functional categories in certain cellular conditions . Examples of alkylation agents are carboplatin, oxaliplatin and cisplatin that work by covalent bond formation with specific carboxyl, sulphurhydril and phosphate groups in molecules of biological importance (Siddik, 2002). These are regarded as platinum-ba sed alkylation agents. These platinum based alkylation agent are divided into first, second and third generations made up of cisplatin,caboplatin and oxaliplatin respectively.They found important use in treatment of mesothelioma . They work at all stage of cell cycle and impair cellular DNA synthesis as well as transcption (Siddik, 2002). Cisplatin is used to treat lung and testicular cancers. Other alkylation agents include chlorambucil, mechlorethamine, ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide as well as procarbazine and bulsulphan. Alkylation agents are effective at all stage of cell cycle making them useful in treating wide range of cancer especially the slow growing ones like solid tumor and leukemia (Pizzo & Poplack, 2006)All share biochemical mechanism although they may differ in their clinical effects. The significance of alkylation agents is not only seen in treatment of leukemia, lymphomas and solid tumors. They are also found significant in the treatment of non neoplastic conditio ns such as cyclophosphamide use in treatment of autoimmune disease . Pulse dose cyclophosphamide is used in lupus nephritis and other conditions like Wegener’s granulomatosis, multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis (Siddik, 2002).They are not however free of side effects especially after prolonged use and these include amenorrhea (cessation of menses), oligospermia (reduction in sperm count) as well as secondary cancers such as acute myelogenous leukemia (Pizzo & Poplack, 2006). General classification of alkylating chemotherapeutic agents ? Non-specifically acting agents: They crosslink guanine nucleobases present in double helix of DNA and by so doing stop tumor proliferation. ? Agents that need activation : This includes cyclophosphamide which needs in-vovo conversion to active product? Biakylating and Monoakylating agents: The biakylating agents are capable of reacting with two 7-N guanine residues. When these residues are in different DNA strands, there is resulting crosslinkage of DNA strands and this makes DNA double helix to fail to uncoil (Siddik, 2002). However, when the two guanine moieties are in same base strands, what occurs is known as limpet association of DNA to the drug molecule. Example of biakylating agent is Bulsuphan . On the contrary, monoakylating agents are only capable of reacting with one 7-N of guanine molecule.? Classical alkylation agents: These are termed alkyl groups and they include three subgroups which are: (a) the nitrogen mustards which include mephalan, ifosfamide, uramustine, chlorambucil, mechlorethamine and cyclophosphamide b) The nitrosoureas which are carmustine, streptozocin and lomustine c) the alkyl sulphonates such as bulsuphan. ? Alkylation-like agents: They lack alkyl group but destroy DNA. They are regarded as alkylation-like as they coordinate to DNA so as to interrupt DNA repair permanently.They are the platinum based drugs such as cisplatin,oxaliplatin and carboplatin. They also bind at N7 positio n of guanine (Siddik, 2002) ? The Non-classical: Certain categories are termed non-classical such as altremine and procarbazine. Furthermore, sometimes the platinum based drugs are also regarded as non-classical. Nitrogen Mustards The nitrogen mustards are a group of DNA alkylation agents which are not specific . They are cytotoxic and have similar qualities to mustard gas, hence utilized as medicinal and chemical warfare agents.Nitrogen mustards stockpiled by many countries in WW II serve as potent and useful blister agents. Nitrogen mustards suppress bone marrow production of red blood cells. The first nitrogen mustard developed was mustine with anti-neoplastic chemotherapeutic value. Other examples of alkylation agents in nitrogen mustard family are mephalan, cholambucil, cyclophosphamide, uramustine and ifosfomide (Siddik, 2002). The likes of Bis (2-chloroethyl) ethylamine and Tris (2-choloroethlamine) are few nitrogen mustards used in chemical warfare.Nitrogen mustard’s mode of action involves formation of aziridinium or cyclic aminium ion when the amine nitrogen displaces chloride at intermolecular level. This is then followed by alkylation of DNA centers by the azidirium group (Siddik, 2002). Malfunctioning of alkylation DNA is usual during replication (Pizzo & Poplack, 2006). They prevent cell division and by so doing cause abnormal base pairing. Also it is possible that more than a single alkylation groups may exist in each molecule .In order words, these therapeutically useful alkylation agents are either bialkylating or polyalkylating agents (Siddik, 2002). The damaging effect is comparable to that which is seen with exposure of genetic material to radiation making it radiometric. Earlier, nitrogen mustards have been shown to form interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) and this formation takes place between N-7 of guanine residue in a 5†²-d (GC) sequence, although it was later discovered that nitrogen mustards form a 1,3 Interstrand crosslinks in the 5†²-d (GNC) sequence (Siddik, 2002).For instance, cyclophosphamide (cytophosphane), a nitrogen mustard arise from oxazophorine group and exhibits their chemotherapeutic effects by its nitrogen mustard metabolite,phosphoramide which form both interstrand and intrastrand crosslinkages at N-7 position of guanine molecule causing cell death. Cyclophosphamide metabolite is usually produced in cell with low amount of ALDH. References Pizzo, P. A & Poplack, D. G. (2006). Principles and practice of pediatric oncology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.pp. 310-320. Siddik, Z. H (2002)Mechanism of action of Cancer chemotherapeutic agents; DNA-Interactive alkylation agents and Antitumor platinum based Drugs. Retrieved On August 15,2010 from http://webcache. googleusercontent. com/search? q=cache:brnWwlXCLnIJ:hasdl. kau. edu. sa/encyclopedia/2/h6%2520archive/17. pdf+Mechanisms+of+Action+of+Cancer+Chemotherapeutic+Agents:+DNA-Interactive+Alkylating+Agents+and+Antitumour+Platinum-Based+Drug s+by+Zahid+H. +Siddik&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk

Walt Whitman Essays - Literature, Poetry, Poetic Rhythm, Rhyme

Walt Whitman Essays - Literature, Poetry, Poetic Rhythm, Rhyme Walt Whitman In my opinion the poet which best exemplifies modernism is Walt Whitman. Walt Whitmans stylistic preference is not exactly mine, but it is definitely a good example of modern poetry. He has broken down many walls of traditional poetry, using the style of long, free verse prose. In which he praises everything. It is impossible to talk about modern poetry without making any references to traditional poetry. It is not enough to say that Walt Whitman is a pioneer in modern poetry. We must explain what walls he and other poets have broken. When I speak of traditional poetry one name always comes to mind, that name is William Shakespeare. When I study Shakespeares work, especially his sonnets I see exactly what traditional poetry is. It is exact and precise in its rhyme scheme, meter, and length. All of Shakespeares sonnets are fourteen lines long, with an ABAB (CDCD EFEF GG) rhyme scheme. The syllables in each verse of the poem are exact and in a pattern. Traditional poets thinks of life occurrences are dictated by fate, taking the control away from the people. Modern day poets try to break down these stylistic restrictions by using different types of rhyme, meter and length or sometimes none at all. Walt Whitman has definitely cut the red tape in poetry. Every restriction I have mentioned he has changed and disregarded. For instance, Whitman does not believe in pre-destination or fate. In essence he believes that the world is what you make of it. He also finds good in everything. To him death is as good as life. Taking a shower is equally as good as smelling horribly. He saw nothing wrong with anything yet he celebrated everything around him. I myself am a fan of Shakespeare and Whitmans train of thought is bogus to me. But these are the examples of how he has broken away from the styles of the old. To express his ideas he does not use the typical short-rhyme scheme but uses instead very lengthy verses that do not rhyme. A poem by Walt Whitman, which is a perfect example of this rebellion towards the traditional styles of poetry, is Song of Myself. Whitman lovers regard this poem as one of the best. It is also one of his most anthologized pieces. The reason for this is probably because it is a perfect example of modern poetry. It is a poem that spans over one thousand three hundred forty five lines of free-verse prose. In the poem Whitman addresses many topics and confronts them with the same attitude, everything is all good. He speaks of life, death, religion, sex and himself. I personally dont understand how Walt Whitman found good in all things without finding anything bad. In my view of life, I cant find one without the other. In conclusion, by the reason stated, I believe that Walt Whitman is the epidemy of modern poetry. He is one of the founding fathers of this relatively new style of writing poetry and is one of the respecting leaders of the art form. Assignment #2 Option #3

Using however - Emphasis

Using however Using however ‘However’ is a useful word, however you look at it. [Sorry – Ed.] But readers of our e-bulletin, Write Away, often ask us to clarify the right ways to use it. However we can help, say we. Meaning ‘but’ The most common way of using ‘however’ is to mean ‘but’. This usually comes at the beginning of a sentence, and is followed by a comma. The calendar claimed the month was May. However, the temperature felt more like November. For this use, it’s also correct to put it in the middle of the sentence, with commas either side. It was May. It was, however, very nippy. Or you can put it at the end, after a comma. I am normally wearing shorts by this time of year. I’m afraid of pneumonia, however. But it is wrong to use ‘however’ between two parts of a sentence that make sense by themselves. I look forward to this time of year, however today I have goosebumps is grammatically incorrect. You can use ‘but’ here instead, because it is a conjunction (or joining word). ‘However’ is not a conjunction when it means ‘but’. I look forward to this time of year. However, today I have goosebumps is grammatically correct. Meaning ‘no matter how’ Another, less common, meaning for ‘however’ is ‘no matter how’. You can use it in the middle of a sentence without a comma after it. I couldn’t bring myself to give up my thermal vest, however tired I was of being teased for it. You can also put it at the beginning of your sentence, without a comma afterwards. However you like me to dress, I’ll do the opposite. Be wary of not accidentally putting a comma after ‘however’ in this instance, or you could end up saying something quite different. However, you like me to dress, I’ll do the opposite. [Note: if you do ever want to assert that, while there are people who prefer you clothed, you will always choose to defy them, then that second comma should really be a semi-colon. Or a full stop.] Meaning ‘in whatever way’ In this form ‘however’ can be at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence, with no punctuation around it. I’m kidding. I’ll dress however you’d like me to. It’s your mum’s birthday party. How do I want to travel to Hawaii? However you want. You’re paying. Alternatives When you’re writing a long document, and you need to link from one paragraph to another, it’s easy to fall into the trap of over-using ‘however’ (meaning ‘but’). Here are some good alternatives to keep your writing varied and fresh:         Nevertheless         On the other hand         But         Yet         Despite         In contrast/comparison. If you’re ever in doubt about how to use a particular word, or if you have any other business writing questions, our free 64-page guide to better writing The Write Stuff will help. Click here to download your free copy.

Writing Women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Writing Women - Essay Example The marriage traditions in China are based on the concept of Yin and Yang, where Yin is the gentle and docile female of the human spirit and Yang is the dominant male. Yin and Yang have to maintain their states at all times in order for the union or marriage to be a peaceful one. As society progressed and women gained more exposure and education a few women writers came forward and expressed their feminist views on the subject through their short stories. These stories have been translated and compiled into a book, â€Å"Writing Women in Modern China† released in 2005. In this essay we will compare some short stories from that book with Zhang Ailing’s â€Å"When Love came to China† (2006) and examine if modernity in China really succeeded in changing the age-old traditions in the country. We will look at the concept of love based on: It was customary in twentieth century China for most men and women to get married or betrothed to someone by their early twenties. This marriage of convenience most often resulted in men seeking love outside of their marriages. This is the beginning of Zhang’s story when the already married Wen and Lo court 20-year-old Chou and Fan. Chou is described as the free spirited woman who is nonchalant and does not look for a commitment from her lover Wen and eventually leaves Wen to marry a man chosen by her family. Although Chou is portrayed as a face of the modern woman she appears here more as someone not brave enough to fight against the norms and old customs of the Chinese society. In this case the freedom she tries to exercise by finding love on her own terms is more of an escape from reality and her inevitable fate. We see a similar plight in Fen Yuan Jing’s â€Å"Separation† (1923) where the girl is locked up by her mother to separate her from her lover and she awaits the arrival of her betrothed Liu Muhan helplessly and with dread. We however see here that love has a deeper meaning, the girl

Policy and Politics in Nursing and Health Care Research Paper

Policy and Politics in Nursing and Health Care - Research Paper Example The present research has identified that the Obamacare act was introduced for the purpose of reducing the uninsured number of Americans; thus introducing universal healthcare that benefits everyone. The government wanted to reduce the total healthcare costs and provide a mechanism for increasing the healthcare coverage rate such as through subsidies and tax credit cards. However, the health care reform act has posed significant challenges; thus, it has become a political debate in America. This is because the rich feel that the Obamacare act is not fair because they will be paying for the lazy workers. Therefore, instead of putting control over the health care reform decisions, the government will mandate families, individuals or employees to be the key decision makers in the healthcare issues. The government will mandate families, individuals or employees to make decisions on the health care issues. This is because the problem of health care reform has been a significant problem for a long time in the U.S. Therefore,  providing employees or individuals to make their own decisions and provide their own opinions on the policy reform. This will enable the government to get the sense of direction. The healthcare services have become expensive in the contemporary society. Many people are dying especially the poor because they are unable to afford the Medicare services. Moreover, many Americans especially those suffering from acute diseases are unable to meet the cost of medicine because some diseases such as cancer are expensive to treat; thus the new health care act will benefit people suffering from such disease that are too costly to maintain. Therefore, including employees or individuals to offer their opinions over the issues of health care reform will enable the government to implement an effective policy that benefits everyone. Mason, Leavitt, and Chaffee reveal that the big threat in America is the rising costs for healthcare services. Healthcare costs ha ve become one of the driving forces for economic assets more than even oil and food crisis.